{
  "source": "U.S. Sentencing Commission, Commission Datafiles, individual-offender records (public). https://www.ussc.gov/research/datafiles/commission-datafiles",
  "snapshot": "2026-06-26",
  "fy_window": { "start": 2020, "end": 2025 },
  "slice_n": 376349,
  "note": "Aggregate analysis only. No individual offender is identified. gov_below = SENTRNGE codes 2/3/4/7 (government-sponsored: substantial assistance, fast-track, government departure/variance). judicial_below = SENTRNGE codes 5/8 (non-government: downward departure + below-range variance). The judicial rate reflects the district bench's own discretion; the government rate is prosecutor-driven.",
  "national": {
    "within_n": 172681,
    "within_pct": 45.9,
    "above_n": 12563,
    "above_pct": 3.3,
    "gov_below_n": 111007,
    "gov_below_pct": 29.5,
    "judicial_below_n": 80098,
    "judicial_below_pct": 21.3,
    "any_below_pct": 50.8
  },
  "within_range_by_fy": [
    { "fy": 2020, "within_pct": 50.4 },
    { "fy": 2021, "within_pct": 42.8 },
    { "fy": 2022, "within_pct": 41.9 },
    { "fy": 2023, "within_pct": 42.4 },
    { "fy": 2024, "within_pct": 45.7 },
    { "fy": 2025, "within_pct": 51.5 }
  ],
  "districts": [
    { "name": "Central District of California", "n": 5671, "gov_below_n": 1883, "judicial_below_n": 2157 },
    { "name": "Central District of Illinois", "n": 1461, "gov_below_n": 333, "judicial_below_n": 571 },
    { "name": "District of Arizona", "n": 25896, "gov_below_n": 16132, "judicial_below_n": 1580 },
    { "name": "District of Colorado", "n": 2231, "gov_below_n": 852, "judicial_below_n": 588 },
    { "name": "District of Columbia", "n": 2294, "gov_below_n": 507, "judicial_below_n": 704 },
    { "name": "District of Connecticut", "n": 1853, "gov_below_n": 494, "judicial_below_n": 820 },
    { "name": "District of Idaho", "n": 1803, "gov_below_n": 520, "judicial_below_n": 575 },
    { "name": "District of Kansas", "n": 2133, "gov_below_n": 761, "judicial_below_n": 346 },
    { "name": "District of Maryland", "n": 2872, "gov_below_n": 1387, "judicial_below_n": 510 },
    { "name": "District of Massachusetts", "n": 2839, "gov_below_n": 1039, "judicial_below_n": 972 },
    { "name": "District of Minnesota", "n": 2038, "gov_below_n": 617, "judicial_below_n": 756 },
    { "name": "District of Montana", "n": 2141, "gov_below_n": 627, "judicial_below_n": 778 },
    { "name": "District of Nebraska", "n": 2771, "gov_below_n": 671, "judicial_below_n": 678 },
    { "name": "District of Nevada", "n": 1806, "gov_below_n": 1031, "judicial_below_n": 383 },
    { "name": "District of New Jersey", "n": 4073, "gov_below_n": 1756, "judicial_below_n": 808 },
    { "name": "District of New Mexico", "n": 13068, "gov_below_n": 4639, "judicial_below_n": 1688 },
    { "name": "District of North Dakota", "n": 1950, "gov_below_n": 970, "judicial_below_n": 231 },
    { "name": "District of Oregon", "n": 2558, "gov_below_n": 1679, "judicial_below_n": 367 },
    { "name": "District of Puerto Rico", "n": 5801, "gov_below_n": 1703, "judicial_below_n": 922 },
    { "name": "District of South Carolina", "n": 3507, "gov_below_n": 1069, "judicial_below_n": 1055 },
    { "name": "District of South Dakota", "n": 3110, "gov_below_n": 245, "judicial_below_n": 1051 },
    { "name": "District of Utah", "n": 4261, "gov_below_n": 2876, "judicial_below_n": 384 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Arkansas", "n": 3108, "gov_below_n": 370, "judicial_below_n": 843 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of California", "n": 2339, "gov_below_n": 708, "judicial_below_n": 715 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Kentucky", "n": 2626, "gov_below_n": 608, "judicial_below_n": 625 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Louisiana", "n": 1670, "gov_below_n": 284, "judicial_below_n": 357 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Michigan", "n": 3916, "gov_below_n": 586, "judicial_below_n": 1862 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Missouri", "n": 5973, "gov_below_n": 1837, "judicial_below_n": 1382 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of New York", "n": 3589, "gov_below_n": 1146, "judicial_below_n": 1546 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of North Carolina", "n": 4729, "gov_below_n": 1274, "judicial_below_n": 723 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Oklahoma", "n": 1146, "gov_below_n": 211, "judicial_below_n": 141 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "n": 2928, "gov_below_n": 1181, "judicial_below_n": 710 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Tennessee", "n": 3648, "gov_below_n": 1368, "judicial_below_n": 473 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Texas", "n": 4895, "gov_below_n": 1038, "judicial_below_n": 577 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Virginia", "n": 5173, "gov_below_n": 664, "judicial_below_n": 1581 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Washington", "n": 1559, "gov_below_n": 746, "judicial_below_n": 270 },
    { "name": "Eastern District of Wisconsin", "n": 1780, "gov_below_n": 639, "judicial_below_n": 752 },
    { "name": "Middle District of Alabama", "n": 1179, "gov_below_n": 268, "judicial_below_n": 361 },
    { "name": "Middle District of Florida", "n": 7067, "gov_below_n": 1415, "judicial_below_n": 2173 },
    { "name": "Middle District of Georgia", "n": 2378, "gov_below_n": 397, "judicial_below_n": 435 },
    { "name": "Middle District of North Carolina", "n": 2089, "gov_below_n": 334, "judicial_below_n": 552 },
    { "name": "Middle District of Pennsylvania", "n": 2379, "gov_below_n": 715, "judicial_below_n": 585 },
    { "name": "Middle District of Tennessee", "n": 1704, "gov_below_n": 761, "judicial_below_n": 478 },
    { "name": "Northern District of Alabama", "n": 2692, "gov_below_n": 590, "judicial_below_n": 498 },
    { "name": "Northern District of California", "n": 2523, "gov_below_n": 1107, "judicial_below_n": 964 },
    { "name": "Northern District of Florida", "n": 1608, "gov_below_n": 386, "judicial_below_n": 471 },
    { "name": "Northern District of Georgia", "n": 3193, "gov_below_n": 1261, "judicial_below_n": 796 },
    { "name": "Northern District of Illinois", "n": 3528, "gov_below_n": 584, "judicial_below_n": 1790 },
    { "name": "Northern District of Indiana", "n": 1761, "gov_below_n": 363, "judicial_below_n": 498 },
    { "name": "Northern District of Iowa", "n": 1970, "gov_below_n": 420, "judicial_below_n": 409 },
    { "name": "Northern District of New York", "n": 2300, "gov_below_n": 535, "judicial_below_n": 522 },
    { "name": "Northern District of Ohio", "n": 5115, "gov_below_n": 1490, "judicial_below_n": 1381 },
    { "name": "Northern District of Oklahoma", "n": 2588, "gov_below_n": 829, "judicial_below_n": 341 },
    { "name": "Northern District of Texas", "n": 8732, "gov_below_n": 1202, "judicial_below_n": 1539 },
    { "name": "Northern District of West Virginia", "n": 1790, "gov_below_n": 285, "judicial_below_n": 503 },
    { "name": "Southern District of Alabama", "n": 1681, "gov_below_n": 345, "judicial_below_n": 436 },
    { "name": "Southern District of California", "n": 18355, "gov_below_n": 14694, "judicial_below_n": 776 },
    { "name": "Southern District of Florida", "n": 8005, "gov_below_n": 1088, "judicial_below_n": 2585 },
    { "name": "Southern District of Georgia", "n": 2361, "gov_below_n": 468, "judicial_below_n": 267 },
    { "name": "Southern District of Illinois", "n": 1441, "gov_below_n": 298, "judicial_below_n": 268 },
    { "name": "Southern District of Indiana", "n": 2566, "gov_below_n": 544, "judicial_below_n": 809 },
    { "name": "Southern District of Iowa", "n": 2481, "gov_below_n": 584, "judicial_below_n": 920 },
    { "name": "Southern District of Mississippi", "n": 2043, "gov_below_n": 262, "judicial_below_n": 372 },
    { "name": "Southern District of New York", "n": 6243, "gov_below_n": 1309, "judicial_below_n": 3554 },
    { "name": "Southern District of Ohio", "n": 3394, "gov_below_n": 1730, "judicial_below_n": 750 },
    { "name": "Southern District of Texas", "n": 43934, "gov_below_n": 9038, "judicial_below_n": 9515 },
    { "name": "Southern District of West Virginia", "n": 1421, "gov_below_n": 149, "judicial_below_n": 570 },
    { "name": "Western District of Arkansas", "n": 1197, "gov_below_n": 190, "judicial_below_n": 432 },
    { "name": "Western District of Kentucky", "n": 1967, "gov_below_n": 887, "judicial_below_n": 418 },
    { "name": "Western District of Louisiana", "n": 1802, "gov_below_n": 197, "judicial_below_n": 274 },
    { "name": "Western District of Michigan", "n": 1583, "gov_below_n": 270, "judicial_below_n": 403 },
    { "name": "Western District of Missouri", "n": 4375, "gov_below_n": 1126, "judicial_below_n": 1297 },
    { "name": "Western District of New York", "n": 2258, "gov_below_n": 804, "judicial_below_n": 438 },
    { "name": "Western District of North Carolina", "n": 2582, "gov_below_n": 522, "judicial_below_n": 645 },
    { "name": "Western District of Oklahoma", "n": 3233, "gov_below_n": 385, "judicial_below_n": 1114 },
    { "name": "Western District of Pennsylvania", "n": 2907, "gov_below_n": 886, "judicial_below_n": 740 },
    { "name": "Western District of Tennessee", "n": 2317, "gov_below_n": 601, "judicial_below_n": 673 },
    { "name": "Western District of Texas", "n": 45362, "gov_below_n": 2400, "judicial_below_n": 4689 },
    { "name": "Western District of Virginia", "n": 1454, "gov_below_n": 506, "judicial_below_n": 357 },
    { "name": "Western District of Washington", "n": 2014, "gov_below_n": 914, "judicial_below_n": 387 }
  ]
}